Cholera Uncovered: Your Essential Guide to Prevention, Symptoms, and Treatment
What is Cholera?
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines cholera as an acute diarrhoeal infection caused by ingesting food or water contaminated with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.
How is it Spread?
Cholera is transmitted through the fecal-oral route. Improper disposal of faeces infected with the bacteria can contaminate water sources. When this contaminated water is consumed or used to prepare food, it can lead to cholera infection.
What are the Symptoms?
Most people infected with cholera might not show symptoms. However, the bacteria remain in the faeces for about 10 days post-infection and can potentially infect others if improperly disposed of. Symptomatic individuals might experience acute watery diarrhoea and severe dehydration, which can be lethal if not properly managed.
How Can I Protect Myself?
Protect yourself by:
- Drinking properly treated water.
- Eating well-cooked food.
- Washing fruits and vegetables with clean water.
- Practicing good environmental and personal hygiene.
- Ensuring proper disposal of faecal waste.
- Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and running water after using the toilet.
A vaccine, taken in two doses, offers over 80% protection against cholera. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for information on obtaining the vaccine.
How is it Treated?
Cholera can be treated through rehydration with an Oral Rehydration Salt Solution (ORS). This can be purchased at local pharmacies or prepared at home by mixing 6 teaspoons of sugar and half a teaspoon of salt into 1 litre of clean boiled water. Adults should drink 1 litre of this solution after each loose stool, while children should take between 100–500 ml.
Severely dehydrated patients at risk of shock require immediate administration of intravenous fluids.
When Should I See My Doctor?
If you experience frequent loose stools for more than 48 hours that do not resolve after adequate rehydration with ORS, seek medical attention immediately.
